Beware a Flood of Flooded Cars
Cars swamped by stormwater could return to market far from where the damage occurred
Thousands of cars are damaged or destroyed by floods every year, such as those ravaged by hurricanes or major rainfalls. Don’t assume that all those compromised vehicles end up in a junkyard. Some water-damaged cars are repaired and resold in other parts of the country without the buyer being aware of the car’s waterlogged history, passing along reliability risks and the potential for pricey repairs.
Tropical storms in the U.S. from June through August 2024 damaged 89,000 cars, according to CarFax. That’s in addition to the 454,000 water-damaged cars that Carfax says returned to the road in 2023. And those figures don’t factor in the impact of the major hurricanes Helene and Milton.
You need to be vigilant when buying a used car, even if you don’t live near a traditional storm area. That’s because flood-damaged cars are often transported well beyond their original region after major storms to places where consumers may be less aware of the warning signs to look for.
Photo: Consumer Reports Photo: Consumer Reports
Too often, when an insurance company declares a flood-damaged car a total loss, that information isn’t communicated to potential buyers. Once a flood car is totaled, it’s supposed to get a new title, called a salvage title. Those titles are usually plainly marked (known as being “branded”) with the word “salvage” or “flood.” In some states, this warning is shown on the title as an obscure letter or number code.
Totaled cars are typically sold at a salvage auction to junkyards and vehicle rebuilders. Reselling them to consumers may be legal if the flood damage is disclosed on the title. Those “salvage title” cars can’t be registered until necessary repairs are made and the vehicle is reinspected by officials. Then the vehicle is given a “rebuilt” title, which allows it to be registered for consumer use.
But as Consumer Reports found years ago in an investigation of rebuilt wrecks, some flood-damaged vehicles reappear with a clean title. Be especially wary of any used car being offered with a “lost” title or with only a bill of sale.
Tips and Tools for Used-Car Buyers
When you’re buying a used car, always check the website of the National Motor Vehicle Title Information System. It will direct you to government-approved providers of vehicle history reports. The NMVTIS system aims to crack down on the practice of “title washing,” which is when cars that have been totaled (or stolen) get clean new titles in states with lax regulations.
But if the vehicle’s owner didn’t have comprehensive insurance coverage at the time of the flooding or the repair bill didn’t exceed a certain level, the vehicle might not get a salvage or branded title at all. Only a few states offer a “flood” title, which requires a history of any flood damage.
Photo: Consumer Reports Photo: Consumer Reports
Carfax offers a free flood damage check in addition to the vehicle history reports it sells. These checks show the “possibility of flood damage” based on area history and the registered address for the car at the time, and whether the vehicle’s title shows a reported flood history.
For a basic check, the National Insurance Crime Bureau offers VINCheck, a free service that searches vehicle identification numbers for evidence of theft or salvage, although it doesn’t use as many data sources as some paid providers do.
Of course, vehicle history reports aren’t all-inclusive and don’t guarantee that a vehicle is problem-free, but they’re a valued aid in screening potential cars. Ultimately, a detailed inspection is your best protection.
How to Spot a Flood-Damaged Car
Water damage can be hard to detect, but Consumer Reports says you should look for some telltale signs.
Inspect the carpets to see whether they show signs of having been waterlogged. They include the carpets smelling musty or having caked-on mud. Brand-new carpets in an older vehicle may be another red flag.
Check the seat-mounting screws to see whether there’s any evidence that they were removed. To dry the carpets effectively, the seats must be removed and possibly even replaced.
Inspect the lights. A visible waterline may still show on the lens or reflector.
Inspect the difficult-to-clean places. Those include gaps between panels in the trunk and under the hood (such as behind the engine), for mud and debris. A waterline around the engine compartment is a clear indicator of flooding.
Look on the bottom edges of brackets or panels where grime wouldn’t normally settle.
Look at the head of any unpainted, exposed screws under the dashboard. Bare metal will show signs of rust in flooded cars.
Check the rubber drain plugs under the car and on the bottom of doors. See whether they have been removed recently. That may have been done to drain floodwater.
Check engine oil. The water mixed into the oil can create an odd, milkshake appearance.
Check the air filter. Water would cause the cardboard frame for the filter to look textured and soggy.
If you’re from an area affected by a flood and have a car that wasn’t damaged, be aware that buyers might suspect it was. Have a mechanic inspect your car before you put it up for sale so that you can present potential buyers with a clean bill of health.
How to Inspect a Car
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